Conspiracies, British Ops (CASE-12)
UK Column
several related topics, listed here is one on Bertrand Russell.
http //www ukcolumn org/article/bertrand-russell-impact-science-society
Conspiracy Planet
http //www conspiracyplanet com/channel cfm?channelid=67&contentid=1102&page=2
Excerpts: The former head of German intelligence, Andreas Von Buelow, states that September 11, 2001, was an
American home-grown product, not involving Arabs except to be falsely blamed. The highest level of the U.S. Central
Government and their stooges in the Intelligence Agencies and U.S. Military were in on it. This demonstration of
WHO is REALLY in control, was, of course, not identified as such by the newsfakers in London and New York. As we
have earlier shown, the Head of State of Canada is Queen Elizabeth II. This Monarch, in reality and show of power, is
the actual Head of State, as well, of the United States. By benefiting from, if not ordering, the political murders of
seven U.S. Presidents, the British Monarchy and the Jesuits, as the brute force of the Vatican, have repeatedly
snuffed out U.S. Presidents that opposed these foreign forces from encroaching on U.S. industrial and financial and
other development….
A bit of history seldom mentioned or completely previously censored. With the end of World War One came the
apparent decline if not supposed disapearance of the Monarchies of Europe. The supposed British Monarchy, at
Buckingham Palace, was actually German royalty, the House of Hanover (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Because of anti-
German sentiment in England during World War One, the pretended Royal Brits changed to a fake name, the House
of Windsor. In December 1936, when war with Germany was expected again, King Edward 8th, supposedly British,
but actually German, abdicated with the lame excuse he wanted to marry a forbidden commoner. His successor on
the British throne (actually of German royalty, George Saxe-Coburg-Gotha), became King George the 6th and
committed treason with the Nazis -- covered up by Buckingham Palace's art expert, Anthony Blunt, who during
World War Two, went behind the German lines to retrieve documents from a European castle that showed the
treachery of King George 6th. Upon the death of King George 6th in 1952, his daughter, also of course as him, of
German royalty, came on the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Now, with the impending worldwide financial collapse,
has come the re-emergence of the Monarchies of Europe, to rule with an iron-fist and promote Fascism, to be
pushed down upon unsuspecting Americans and others with the cover story propaganda that it is simply fighting
the "terrorism" of the Moslem World. That is, simply stated, Rule by the Crowned Heads By Fear and Terror
supposedly to be blamed on "The Arabs"….
http //www conspiracyplanet com/channelcfm?channelid=67&contentid=1102&page=2
The Daily Beast: Bad Romance: How Brithis high society fell in love with the nazis. By Tom Sykes (07/20/2015)
http //www thedailybeast com/how-british-high-society-fell-in-love-with-the-nazis
Excerpt: Controversy followed the publication of footage of a young queen giving a Nazi salute. But in those days,
British high society’s worship of Hitler was in full bloom. Buckingham Palace has attempted to brush off the film of
a young Queen giving a Nazi salute as ‘horseplay’ and insisted that the family were simply ‘messing around’ for the
camera when the film was taken—apparently around 1933 when the Queen was 7 or 8. And while there is little
doubt that the Queen is absolutely not a Nazi sympathizer, it is equally true that there was widespread sympathy
for Nazis and Nazism in the early and mid-1930s in the very heart of the British establishment. As Frank
McDonough, an international expert on the Third Reich whose book, The Gestapo: The Myth and Reality of Hitler's
Secret Police will be published later this year, told The Royalist, “The British 'Establishment', including key figures in
the aristocracy, the press were keen supporters of Hitler up until the invasion of Czechoslovakia. Few were
supporters of Nazism, but they admired Hitler and felt he offered the best means of preventing the spread of
communism. They tended to turn a blind eye to anti-Semitism and the attacks Hitler made on communists,
socialists, and other internal opponents.” While many were disgusted by Hitler’s naked anti-Semtism and his
abolishment of democracy, right up until the outbreak of war in 1939, upper-class British girls were still doing ‘the
season’ in Germany, attending balls, learning about art and hunting for husbands. Intermarriage at the upper
echelons of society was seen by many as a way of attempting to preserve the peace. I myself distinctly remember
hearing German being spoken by two distinguished elderly British ladies (who wished to speak without me
understanding) at a British stately home in the mid-1980s.
British high society had a ’30s love affair with Nazism and Hitler which was in many cases just as profound as that
which the German people experienced at the same time. When they looked at Hitler, many who had an affection for
Germany liked what they saw. Intermarriage between British and German high society goes all the way to the top;
the Royal Family themselves were called the Saxe-Coburg-Gothas until they changed their name to Windsor at the
outbreak of World War I in 1914.
Germany seemed to be thriving under the man who had abolished democracy and declared himself dictator in 1933.
And although few could claim to have been unaware of the official German policy of anti-Semitism after the 1936
Olympics in which Jewish athletes were banned from the German team, many were prepared to turn a blind eye in
the face of the country’s extraordinary economic and psychic revival from the crushed and humiliated shell of a
nation state it had been for all of the 1920s. By 1938, unemployment was virtually nil—it had been 30% when Hitler
took power. Many of the British upper classes—not, it must be said, universally famed for their racial tolerance at
the best of times—were impressed. The cultural exchange between the two countries was facilitated in large part
through the medium of peers’ daughters.
For much of the 1930s, the pretty young ladies of the great houses of England were sent off to Germany for
‘finishing’—a combination of art, music, balls, and husband hunting, in reverse order.
Even as late as 1939, the tours were still taking place—Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott, the daughter of the
Duke of Buccleuch, who later married the Duke of Northumberland, spent two months right before World War II in
Munich.
Her time was spent learning German and getting ready to be presented in time for society’s shooting season in
Scotland and hunt balls at Christmas.
Lady Elizabeth told Rachel Johnson, sister of London Mayor Boris Johnson, “I’m afraid I didn’t give a thought to what
was going on outside. I was sleeping, eating, chatting, dining, dancing. That was all.”
The Nazis had many friends in powerful places, but perhaps none were more influential than Harold Harmsworth,
aka Lord Rothermere, the owner of the Daily Mail in the 1930s.
In January 1934 Rothermere wrote a Daily Mail editorial entitled “Hurrah for the Blackshirts”, praising Oswald
Mosley for his “sound, commonsense, Conservative doctrine.”
An editor at the Spectator responded by writing, “the Blackshirts, like the Daily Mail, appeal to people unaccustomed
to thinking. The average Daily Mail reader is a potential Blackshirt ready made.”
Rothermere congratulated Hitler on his invasion of the Sudetenland, and secret papers declassified and released in
2005 showed that he also wrote to Hitler in 1939 congratulating him for the annexation of Czechoslovakia, praising
his “great and superhuman work in regenerating your country,” and encouraging him to invade Romania.
As Clive Irving has detailed on this site, King Edward VIII—who abdicated in 1936 and is the young man featured in
the newly published video—was also a Nazi sympathizer, as was his lover, Wallis Simpson. They visited Germany in
1937 and were entertained by and photographed with Hitler and other senior Nazis.
Their Nazi leanings are often thought by conspiracy theorists to be the ‘real’ reason Edward was ‘made’ to abdicate.
A year after war broke out, the FBI sent a memo to President Roosevelt outlining the agency’s worries about the
couple.
It stated: “It has been ascertained that for some time, the British government has known that the Duchess of
Windsor was exceedingly pro-German in her sympathies and connections and there is strong reason to believe that
this is the reason why she was considered so obnoxious to the British government that they refused to permit
Edward to marry her and maintain the throne.”
The most famous young girl to come under the Third Reich’s spell was of course Unity Mitford.
Unity Mitford was the second-youngest Mitford girl. Her elder sister Diana in 1932 left her husband to pursue an
affair with Oswald Mosley, who had just founded the British Union of Fascists.
Unity and Diana Mitford travelled to Germany as part of the British delegation from the BUF for the 1933
Nuremberg Rally, seeing Hitler for the first time.
Mitford said, “The first time I saw him I knew there was no one I would rather meet.”
She returned to Germany in the summer of 1934, and set her heart on getting close to Hitler.
This was not a particularly difficult thing for a well-bred, well-connected British girl to achieve, and after meeting
him she wrote to her father: “It was the most wonderful and beautiful [day] of my life. I am so happy that I wouldn’t
mind a bit, dying. I’d suppose I am the luckiest girl in the world. For me he is the greatest man of all time”.
Hitler and Mitford became close, with Hitler apparently using Mitford to provoke the jealousy of his new girlfriend,
Eva Braun.
Mitford became a virulent and public anti-Semite, writing in a German paper: “The English have no notion of the
Jewish danger. Our worst Jews work only behind the scenes. We think with joy of the day when we will be able to say
England for the English! Out with the Jews! Heil Hitler! P.S. please publish my name in full, I want everyone to know I
am a Jew hater.”
When Hitler announced the Anschluss in 1938, she appeared with him on the balcony in Vienna, confirmation that
she was now truly part of Hitler’s inner circle.
After Britain’s declaration of war on Germany in September 1939, Unity shot herself in the head with a pearl-
handled pistol given to her by Hitler for protection. She survived the suicide attempt, was flown back to the UK, and
died in Scotland in 1948.
Unity’s desperate act is entirely symbolic of the shame many of the British upper classes felt at their support for
Hitler and the Nazis when the war finally began.
They suddenly realized they had been engaged in something pretty close to treason.
When the extent of his murderous, genocidal regime became clear, it can only be imagined how deeply those who
may once have argued for Hitler in drawing rooms and even offered him a jocular salute in their walled gardens for
the camera must have regretted their earlier flirtation with the Fuhrer.
The mystery is not that such footage of the Queen and her family was taken in the 1930s. The mystery is why on
earth, sometime after 1939, it was not destroyed.
Correction 7/21 0130: A previous version of this article incorrectly stated that the Royal Family was known by the
surname Battenberg until King George V replaced the German-sounding title with that of Windsor. They were
actually known as the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family. Prince Philip was a Battenberg, but was obliged to take his wife’s
surname, Windsor.
http //www thedailybeast com/how-british-high-society-fell-in-love-with-the-nazis
The Guardian
https //www theguardian com/uk-news/2015/jul/18/royal-family-archives-queen-nazi-salute
Independent
http //www independent co uk/news-10/royal-family-nazi-photographs-images-of-duke-of-windsor-giving-heil-hitler-
salute-during-visit-to-10407006 html
Journal Neo dot org (New East Outlook, out of Moscow)23.12.2015 Author: Steven MacMillan
http //journal-neo org/2015/12/23/the-nazi-connected-british-royal-family-still-wields-incredible-power/
Excerpt: Bewilderingly, whenever a revelation details the prominent role the royal family still plays in the running of
the British state; many people in the UK are surprised and shocked. After all, anyone who has grown up in the UK
knows that you are constantly told the “royal family has no power”; the “monarchy is just vestigial”; and the “Queen
is just a figurehead”. The evidence however shows that the British royal family still holds considerable power, in
addition to having ties to one of the most abhorrent regimes in human history. The roots of the current reigning
British royal family can be traced back to an ancient European dynasty known as the Wettin dynasty, whose origins
go back to the 10th century AD. In 1840, Queen Victoria – who was a member of the House of Hanover – married her
cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, thus introducing the line of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha into Britain. When
Queen Victoria died in 1901, the reign of the House of Hanover ended, and she was succeeded by her son, Edward
VII, from the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. In 1917, during World War I, King George V changed the royal family name
from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor, due to a strong anti-German sentiment at the time.
Today, the royal family still holds significant power in the country, with Queen Elizabeth II remaining the head of
state and the constitutional monarch. Following a three-year freedom of information battle, it was recently revealed
that Prince Charles and Queen Elizabeth II have received confidential cabinet papers for decades, pertaining to the
workings of the British government. This revelation comes shortly after a number of formerly private letters were
released to the public, which detail how Prince Charles has lobbied government ministers on an array of issues.
The Queen and Prince Charles also have the power to veto bills they oppose, a power the Queen exercised in 1999
when she vetoed the Military Actions Against Iraq Bill. For a bill to become law in Britain, the Queen is still legally
required to give royal assent. As the UK Parliament website explains:
“Once a bill has completed all the parliamentary stages in both Houses, it is ready to receive royal assent. This is
when the Queen formally agrees to make the bill into an Act of Parliament (law).”
Cameron is Related to the Queen
The Prime Minister and the Queen meet privately every week, and following the general election, “the appointment
of a Prime Minister is the prerogative of the Sovereign.” In fact, the current Prime Minister, David Cameron, is a
distant relation of the Queen. They are both related to William IV – the King of the UK from 1830 to 1837 – and
according to certain genealogists, Cameron is the Queen’s fifth cousin twice removed.
The British monarchy is also fabulously wealthy, although their wealth is difficult to calculate as a percentage of it is
not declared. Reuters estimates that the British monarchy “has nominal assets worth about 22.8 billion pounds.”
The Windsor’s and the Nazi’s
The Windsor’s connections to Nazi Germany go far beyond Prince Harry wearing a Nazi costume to a friend’s party,
and footage of the Queen giving a Nazi salute in the 1930’s. The Queen’s uncle, Edward VIII, who was the King for a
brief period in 1936 before abdicating to marry Wallis Simpson, is well-known to be a Nazi sympathizer.
In 1937, he visited Nazi Germany along with his wife, meeting Adolf Hitler and other high-level Nazi officers. The BBC
even reports that during his visit to Germany, evidence suggests he went “to the early stages of a concentration
camp.” Karina Urbach, a historian and author, also argues that Edward VIII advocated a bombing campaign being
waged against Britain prior to the German onslaught.
Prince Phillip, the Queens husband, and a man who stated in a 1984 interview that the human population was
“reaching plagueproportions”, has numerous ties to the Nazi regime, with many members of his family marrying
high-ranking officers. As the Times of Israel and AFP reported in an article titled, Buckingham Palace braces for new
documentary on Nazi ties:
“Three of Prince Philip’s sisters were married to senior Nazi officers, including Sophie, who wed Prince Christoph von
Hessen, head of the SS in the Air Ministry.”
Princess Sophie reportedly described Hitler as a “charming and seemingly modest man”, in addition to being
photographed attending the wedding of the Nazi war criminal, Hermann Goering, in 1935.
Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, who was one of Prince Phillip’s closest friends, also had close ties to the Nazi’s.
Both men were heavily involved with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the surreptitious Bilderberg Group.
Prince Bernhard joined the Reiter SS Corps in the 1930’s, in addition to working for the German chemical giant IG
Farben – which “established a synthetic oil and rubber plant at Auschwitz” during World War II, resulting in
numerous company officials being prosecuted for war crimes after WWII. Annejet van der Zijl, a Dutch writer, also
argues that the Dutch Prince was a member of the Nazi party until 1934, although the Prince has always denied this
charge.
These dark family ties also bring new levels of hypocrisy to Prince Charles’ comments last year, when he allegedly
compared Putin to Hitler.
Although the Windsor’s connections to the Third Reich are shocking, what is perhaps more disturbing is the fact that
the people of Britain have allowed these elitists to rule over them for so many years. Abolish the monarchy!
Steven MacMillan is an independent writer, researcher, geopolitical analyst and editor of The Analyst Report,
especially for the online magazine “New Eastern Outlook”.
http //journal-neo org/2015/12/23/the-nazi-connected-british-royal-family-still-wields-incredible-power/
FLAGS
East India Company 1600 - 1874 Flag
Notice the flag. It is the same as the USA flag other than the cross (in East India Company flag) where stars existed later in
USA flag. We should probably take this seriously. There are probably other commentaries on this somewhere. I just
noticed it in late June 2016.
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/East_India_Company
Grand Union Flag
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/Grand_Union_Flag
East India Company - US flag
https //www youtube com/watch?v=PvPles2Tres
Hawaii - Flag
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/Flag_of_Hawaii
Russia
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/List_of_Russian_navy_flags
Following is an excerpt from the book Critical Path by Buckminster Fuller: found in website Above Top Secret
is important to note that, while the British Empire as a world government lost the American Revolution, the power
structure behind it did not lose the war. The most visible of the power-structure identities was the East India Company, an
entirely private enterprise whose flag as adopted by Queen Elizabeth in 1600 happened to have thirteen red and white
horizontal stripes with a blue rectangle in its upper lefthand corner. The blue rectangle bore in red and white the
superimposed crosses of St. Andrew and St. George. When the Boston Tea Party occurred, the colonists dressed as Indians
boarded the East India Company's three ships and threw overboard their entire cargoes of high-tax tea. They also took the
flag from the masthead of the largest of the "East Indiamen"—the Dartmouth. George Washington took command of the
U.S. Continental Army under an elm tree in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The flag used for that occasion was the East India
Company's flag, which by pure coincidence had the thirteen red and white stripes. Though it was only coincidence, most of
those present thought the thirteen red and white stripes did represent the thirteen American colonies—ergo, was very
appropriate—but they complained about the included British flag's superimposed crosses in the blue rectangle in the top
corner. George Washington conferred with Betsy Ross, after which came the thirteen white, five-pointed stars in the blue
field with the thirteen red and white horizontal stripes. While the British government lost the 1776 war, the East India
Company's owners who constituted the invisible power structure behind the British government not only did not lose but
moved right into the new U.S.A. economy along with the latter's most powerful landowners.
All the King’s Men and King’s Horses (from old nursery rhyme Humpty Dumpty)
Here refers to the idea that a quite old and historically driven East India Company/British royalty group has privately been
running the show and is using Carthaginian (Hannibal and earlier) ancient Greek (Alexander), ancient Roman types of
spread and sprawl in a self-revelatory New World Order methodology. We should consider seeing the global police as part
of the King’s Men.
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Horses
The Commonwealth of Nations,[2] or the Commonwealth (formerly the British Commonwealth),[3][1]
Excerpt: [This is] an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that were mostly territories of the former
British Empire.[4] The Commonwealth operates by intergovernmental consensus of the member states, organised through
the Commonwealth Secretariat, and non-governmental organisations, organised through the Commonwealth
Foundation.[5]
The Commonwealth dates back to the mid-20th century with the decolonisation of the British Empire through increased
self-governance of its territories. It was formally constituted by the London Declaration in 1949, which established the
member states as "free and equal".[6] The symbol of this free association is Queen Elizabeth II who is the Head of the
Commonwealth. The Queen is also the monarch of 16 members of the Commonwealth, known as Commonwealth realms.
The other Commonwealth members have different heads of state: 32 members are republics and five are monarchies with
a different monarch.
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations
Commonwealth of Australia
Note the flag. It has the cross of the old East Indian Tea Company and a few stars like the many stars in the USA flag.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
Wikipedia
English Reformation - old Catholic versus Church of England heritage
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/English_Reformation
Excerpt: The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England broke
away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. These events were, in part, associated with the wider
process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that affected the practice of
Christianity across all of Europe during this period.
Excerpt:
The break with Rome was effected by a series of acts of Parliament passed between 1532 and 1534, among them the 1534
Act of Supremacy which declared that Henry was the "Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England".[2] (This title was
renounced by Mary I in 1553 in the process of restoring papal jurisdiction; when Elizabeth I reasserted the royal supremacy
in 1559 her title was Supreme Governor.)[2] Final authority in doctrinal and legal disputes now rested with the monarch,
and the papacy was deprived of revenue and the final say on the appointment of bishops.
The theology and liturgy of the Church of England became markedly Protestant during the reign of Henry's son Edward VI
largely along lines laid down by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer. Under Mary, the whole process was reversed and the Church
of England was again placed under papal jurisdiction. Soon after, Elizabeth reintroduced the Protestant faith but in a more
moderate manner. The structure and theology of the church was a matter of fierce dispute for generations.
The violent aspect of these disputes, manifested in the English Civil Wars, ended when the last Roman Catholic monarch,
James II, was deposed, and Parliament asked William and Mary to rule jointly in conjunction with the English Bill of Rights
in 1688 (in the "Glorious Revolution"), from which emerged a church polity with an established church and a number of
non-conformist churches whose members at first suffered various civil disabilities but which were removed over time. The
legacy of the past Roman Catholic Establishment remained an issue for some time, and still exists today. A substantial
minority remained Roman Catholic in England, and in an effort to disestablish it from British systems, their church
organisation remained illegal until the 19th century.
https //en wikipedia org/wiki/English_Reformation
New York Times
2015/03/19 Study reveals genetic path of modern britons
Excerpt: In A.D. 410, Roman authority in Britain collapsed and Romano-British society disappeared from history under the
invading tides of Angles and Saxons from northern Europe. Historians have been debating ever since whether the Romano-
British were wiped out or survived by adopting their conquerors’ language and culture.
A fine-scale genetic analysis of the British population has now provided the answer. The invaders and the existing
population lived side by side and eventually intermarried extensively. The people of south and central England are now
genetically well mixed, with Saxon genes accounting for only about 20 percent of the mix, says a genetics team led by
Stephen Leslie of the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute in Victoria, Australia, and by Peter Donnelly and Walter
Bodmer of Oxford University.
http //www nytimes com/2015/03/19/science/study-reveals-genetic-path-of-modern-britons.html?_r=0
History.com
German connection to British Royalty: Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917
KAISER WILHELM II’S EARLY YEARS
Kaiser Wilhelm II was born in Potsdam, Germany, on January 27, 1859, the son of Prince Frederick Wilhelm of Prussia (1831-
88) and Princess Victoria (1840-1901), the oldest daughter of Queen Victoria of England (1819-1901). The future monarch
was the queen’s firstborn grandchild and was genuinely fond of her; in fact, he was holding her in his arms when she died.
His ties to Britain through its royal family would play an important part in his later political maneuvering.
Did You Know?
Kaiser Wilhelm II was reportedly amused when he heard his cousin King George V (1865-1936) had changed the name of
the British royal family from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917 as a result of anti-German sentiment in Britain during
World War I.
http //www history com/topics/world-war-i/kaiser-wilhelm-ii
Updates: 2020/01/10 PAGE STARTED- British Ops, page moved from rivergold dot net; previous updates on rivergold dot net--updates: 06/27/2017;
06/24/2017; 01/08/2017
The British Empire, The City, The Crown
NEO-COLONIALISM, CORPORATISM, JEWISH - ROYALTY LINK, ETC.
Makow: Please note the “save the males” (ie, anti-female) orientation on one hand
and the Muslim (Muslims are often (or usually) highly patriarchal) one on the other
in the discussions herein. Updated 06/24/2016: However, the information is
intriguing. I have had psychic hints several times about the BP (British Petroleum)
like warning bells going off, but cannot pinpoint it. Some of the ideas seem worth
considering.
Excerpt from A Pakistani View:
It was nice for you [meaning Makow] to touch upon British imperialism and its
Illuminati roots. Being a person of Pakistani origin, I was on the receiving end of it.
This can be of help shedding light on what really took place under the shadow of
British-Illuminati imperialism. Please feel free to publish it British Imperialism,
Illuminati and the New World Order 6-8-4: The time India was liberated coincides
with a little known private ceremony known as "Hour of the British Empire" which is
held in London. Further, the Rothschild owned British Petroleum was granted
unlimited rights to all offshore Indian oil, which is still valid till this day.
Excerpt from Makow: Conspiracy theorists like myself believe modern history
reflects a long-term conspiracy by an international financial elite to enslave
humanity. Like blind men examining an elephant, we attribute this conspiracy to
Jews, Illuminati, Vatican, Jesuits, Freemasons, Black Nobility, and Bildersbergs etc.
The real villains are at the heart of our economic and cultural life. They are the
dynastic families who own the Bank of England, the US Federal Reserve and
associated cartels. They also control the World Bank and IMF. Their identity is kept
secret but Rothschild is certainly one of them.
http //rense com/general53/brith htm
La Rouche
General
http //www larouchepub com/other/editorials/2016/4319_apr29_wbcst_xtract
html
Jones Town 1978
http //www larouchepub com/eiw/public/1978/eirv05n47-19781205/eirv05n47-
19781205 pdf
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